People hold banners as they listen to a speaker during a rally against a new US military base in Okinawa, Japan鈥檚 nouthernmost prefecture, in front of the National Diet in Tokyo on February 21, 2016. Several hundred people took part in the rally denouncing the central government鈥檚 plan of constructing a US Marine air base in the remote Henoko part of Okinawa island, to replace the existing Futenma facility located in a heavily populated area. AFP
OKINAWA, Japan 鈥� Residents of Japan鈥檚 Okinawa go to the polls Sunday in a closely watched referendum on the controversial relocation of a US military base to a remote part of the island.
The vote is seen as highly symbolic but is also non-binding, raising questions about what effect it will have, even if opponents of the move, including Okinawa Governor Denny Tamaki, prevail.
The ballot will ask residents whether they support a plan to reclaim land at a remote coastal site for the relocation of the Futenma base from its current location in a heavily-populated part of Okinawa.
The referendum was initially planned as a yes-no vote on the move, but a 鈥渘either鈥� option was added after several cities with close ties to the central government threatened to boycott the vote.
Although the referendum is not legally binding, 鈥渋t is significant that people in Okinawa can express their will through the vote,鈥� said Jun Shimabukuro, a professor at Ryukyu University in Okinawa.
鈥淚t can be a test to gauge if democracy is working in Japan,鈥� Shimabukuro told AFP.
The relocation of Futenma to Nago, 50 kilometers (30 miles) away, was first agreed in 1996 as the US sought to calm local anger after US servicemen gang raped a local schoolgirl.
But the plan has long been stalled in part over local opposition.
鈥楳aking a fool of Okinawa鈥�
The Futenma base has stoked tension with local residents over problems ranging from noise and military accidents to crime involving base residents.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe鈥檚 government says the relocation will address those concerns, but many in Okinawa want the base relocated elsewhere in Japan.
They argue that the region bears a disproportionate burden when it comes to hosting US military troops in the country.
Okinawa accounts for less than one percent of Japan鈥檚 total land area, but hosts more than half of the approximately 47,000 American military personnel stationed in Japan.
Anti-base rallies have been staged daily in Okinawa since campaigning for the referendum began in mid-February.
But the vote has not stopped reclamation work at Nago, with construction workers continuing to shovel dirt into the ocean offshore with bulldozers.
鈥淲e hope the referendum will boost the momentum of our fight,鈥� demonstrator Masaru Shiroma told AFP, as more than 100 fellow activists tried to block trucks entering the construction site on Friday.
鈥淭he government is making a fool out of Okinawa,鈥� he added.
鈥淥ur fight will continue even after the referendum, and will go on until the government gives up the plan.鈥�
鈥楶recious votes鈥�
Polling stations open in most parts of Okinawa at 7:00 am (2200 GMT on Saturday), though some more remote parts of the chain of subtropical islands started voting earlier in the week.
The ballot closes at 8:00 pm with exit polls expected soon after and official results from as early as midnight.
Okinawa鈥檚 governor is required to 鈥渞espect鈥� the vote鈥檚 outcome if it is approved by at least a quarter of eligible voters 鈥� around 290,000 votes.
Tamaki has urged residents to turn out and cast their 鈥減recious votes鈥� in the poll.
A opinion poll by the Asahi Shimbun newspaper this week found 59 percent of people in Okinawa oppose the reclamation while 16 percent support it.
The survey also found 80 percent of respondents want Abe鈥檚 government to respect the results.
But there has been little sign Abe鈥檚 government will shift course if the vote goes against the move, with Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga saying there were no plans to halt the relocation regardless of the outcome.
Japan鈥檚 military alliance with the United States is seen as a key partnership, and Okinawa鈥檚 location near Taiwan has long been viewed as having huge strategic importance for US forward positioning in Asia. /cbb