Holocaust survivor Liliana Segre speaks with young students on the occasion of an Holocaust remembrance, at the Arcimboldi theatre in Milan, Italy, Wednesday, Jan. 24, 2018. Segre, a senator for life, unwittingly provoked one of Italy鈥檚 most intense confrontations with anti-Semitism since the fall of the Fascist dictatorship when she proposed a motion to create a parliamentary commission against anti-Semitism which the center-right abstained from voting. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno)
MILAN 鈥� An 89-year-old Auschwitz survivor who is a senator-for-life in Italy has unwittingly provoked one of the country鈥檚 most intense confrontations with anti-Semitism since the end of Italy鈥檚 Fascist dictatorship during World War II.
In response to revelations that she is subject to 200 social media attacks each day, Liliana Segre called for the creation of a parliamentary committee to combat hate, racism and anti-Semitism. Parliament approved her motion 鈥� but without votes from Italy鈥檚 right-wing parties.
Matteo Salvini鈥檚 euroskeptic League party, Silvio Berlusconi鈥檚 center-right Forza Italia and Giorgia Meloni鈥檚 far-right Brothers of Italy all abstained, in a move that defied the social consensus that has marked Italian post-war politics.
The vote last week, along with a round of racist chants in a soccer stadium, has focused attention on a growing boldness in anti-Semitic and racist attitudes in Italy, and the role of politicians in sanctioning them.
On Thursday, Italian state radio said Milan鈥檚 prefect, who reports to the interior minister, has assigned a Carabinieri paramilitary police security detail to Segre because of the threats against her.
Meloni said she abstained because the commission didn鈥檛 address the role of Islamic extremism in anti-Semitism. Salvini said he was worried the motion would introduce limits on freedom of expression and that 鈥渢he left would pass off for racism what for us is the belief or the right to say 鈥業talians first.'鈥� In a similar vein, Forza Italia called the commission an attempt at 鈥減olitical censure.鈥�
Riccardo Pacifici, the former leader of Rome鈥檚 Jewish community and a member of the Shoah Foundation of Rome, said the reasons given for the abstentions could be taken at face value.
鈥淏ut if we should discover that the real reason for which they didn鈥檛 vote was because they feared losing the consensus of the extreme right, I believe that Jews will have a problem also in Italy,鈥� Pacifici said.
The Milan-based Center of Contemporary Jewish Documents鈥� Observatory on Anti-Jewish Prejudice, which disclosed the hateful messages directed toward Segre on social media, says anti-Semitic attacks are on the rise in Italy, particularly online. Through the end of September, 190 anti-Semitic incidents had been reported this year to the observatory, 120 of them on social media. That compares with 153 anti-Semitic incidents for all of 2018 and 91 for all of 2017.
Examples include defamation, direct insults or downplaying Nazism, with rare cases of threats or aggression, including a Jewish woman who was slapped this year in the northern province of Cuneo and a Jewish professor who was spat upon in Rome.
Prominent Jews are often the main targets, researcher Stefano Gatti said.
鈥淭hese are not coming just from extremists,鈥� Gatti said of the attacks on Segre. 鈥淭his is very worrying.鈥�
Still, Gatti said 鈥渁nti-Semitism in Italy is not a social emergency. Episodes of anti-Semitism are not violent,鈥� in comparison to Germany and France, which have much larger Jewish communities. Italy鈥檚 Jewish community numbers around 30,000, compared with half a million in France, Europe鈥檚 largest Jewish population, and 200,000 in Germany.
The rise in anti-Semitism has come alongside a rising climate of intolerance toward migrants arriving from Libya that was stoked during Salvini鈥檚 tenure as interior minister, which was marked by his refusal to allow humanitarian rescue ships to land in Italy.
Incidents of racism are also making headlines, such as monkey chants aimed at forward Mario Balotelli during a top-tier soccer game Sunday. Balotelli, who is black, was visibly upset and threatened to leave the field, but Salvini, a soccer fan, told the Corriere della Sera newspaper that 鈥渢he fuss has been exaggerated.鈥�
The head of Italy鈥檚 largest Jewish community in Rome, Ruth Dureghello, said the commission vote alongside 鈥渢he manifestation of anti-Semitism, racism, discrimination and hatred are signals of a climate that has changed.鈥�
鈥淭he right-wing (politicians) made a choice that I see as mistaken and dangerous at a crucial moment. Above all, for the history of the person who proposed the commission, they should have taken deeper consideration,鈥� Dureghello, said by telephone from Poland, where she was visiting Auschwitz with students.
Segre was 13 when she was sent to Auschwitz, where her father and paternal grandparents were killed. She has spent the last several decades recounting her experiences during the Holocaust to young people.
She was on such a visit Tuesday in Milan when asked if she would respond to a statement by Salvini, who in the wake of the commission controversy said he would like to meet her.
鈥淚 will meet him, of course, why shouldn鈥檛 I?鈥� she asked. 鈥淚f I don鈥檛 hate, why should I not open the door?鈥� /jpv