ROME鈥擯olicymakers should consider levying taxes on livestock production and meat consumption to reduce the risk of future deadly pandemics, international experts said on Thursday, as they published a study calling for better protection of nature.
鈥淥verconsumption of meat 鈥� [is] bad for our health. It鈥檚 unsustainable in terms of environmental impact. It鈥檚 also a driver of pandemic risk,鈥� Peter Daszak, a zoologist who chaired the study, told journalists at its launch.
Outbreaks of influenza viruses and new pandemic strains have emerged largely because of 鈥渋ncredibly dense production of poultry and pigs in some parts of the world, driven by our global consumption patterns鈥�, he added.
Breeding cattle for beef is another well-known cause of deforestation and ecosystem destruction in Latin America.
鈥楽ensible consumption鈥�
The study warned that pandemics will emerge more often, spread faster, cost more and kill more people than COVID-19 without bold action to halt the habitat destruction that helps viruses hop from wildlife to humans.
It also urged governments to step up efforts to avert pandemics, instead of responding after they hit.
Dutch scientist Thijs Kuiken, one of 22 international experts who produced the study, agreed that people should cut back on meat-eating.
鈥淐hanging your diet so that you have a sensible consumption of meat is really important for reducing the risk of pandemics, and for conserving biodiversity and nature,鈥� he said.
Daszak acknowledged that the idea of a livestock levy or meat tax was 鈥渃ontroversial鈥� but said it was a price worth paying to head off future pandemics.
鈥淭here鈥檚 a new generation out there who are willing to make those personal decisions that will lead to a more sustainable lifestyle鈥攁nd we鈥檙e hoping that鈥檚 going to save our planet in terms of biodiversity loss, climate change and pandemic risk,鈥� he said.
The growing, globalized livestock industry is 鈥渧ery profitable鈥濃�攁nd previous studies have suggested taxing meat production and consumption to nudge the industry toward ways of operating that do less harm to the planet and people, Daszak said.
鈥淭his is a viable strategy and should be looked at by governments and by intergovernmental organizations as a way forward,鈥� he added.
Indigenous peoples
Rising demand for meat, particularly in developed countries and emerging economies, also threatens biodiversity and contributes to climate change, said the report issued by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, which has more than 130 member states.
Climate change could, in turn, expand the threat of deadlier and costlier diseases, the experts warned.
鈥淭here鈥檚 certainly clear and strong evidence that climate change has caused a shift in vector-borne diseases,鈥� Daszak said.
Those include tick-borne encephalitis, a potentially fatal illness spread by ticks, which is moving north in Europe.
鈥淐limate change will cause shifts in geographic range of different species, livestock and people 鈥� and that will spread diseases more effectively,鈥� he added.
The study also recommended that knowledge held by indigenous peoples and local communities should be included in pandemic prevention efforts.
For example, their longstanding expertise in living with, managing and hunting wildlife could be used to inform safer practices, said Bolivian scientist Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio.
Giving forest peoples ownership of the land where they live would also help curb the threat of pandemics, he said.
Torrelio added 鈥淏y improving land tenure, 鈥� deforestation will stop in these areas, there won鈥檛 be any expansion of agriculture into indigenous communities and that will prevent the emergence of diseases.鈥�