A Marikina resident takes a selfie while getting a booster shot. NI脩O JESUS ORBETA/FILE PHOTO
MANILA, Philippines鈥擳he country began its first day of administering the second booster shot against COVID on Monday (April 25), marking a continuing fight to defeat the still incurable disease.
Last April 13, the Department of Health announced that the country鈥檚 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for second booster shots against COVID.
The first day of the rollout was initially expected last April 20 but was moved to April 25.
READ: Second COVID-19 booster shot rollout underway
According to data from the National COVID-19 Vaccination Dashboard, 66,990,999 Filipinos were already fully vaccinated鈥攐r have received two doses of vaccine鈥攁gainst COVID as of April 18.
At least 12,970,445 Filipinos had received their booster dose.
The DOH previously said over 46.8 million individuals are qualified for a booster shot, which provides an additional layer of protection as vaccine efficacy wanes over time.
In this article,聽黑料社聽will provide more detail on the second booster shot as well as fears about a resurgence of COVID cases.
What we know so far
According to the DOH, for now, only immunocompromised individuals aged 18 years old and up can receive their fourth dose鈥攐r second booster shot.
GRAPHIC: Ed Lustan
Health Secretary Francisco Duque III said among those who are eligible to receive the second booster were:
- Patients who underwent organ transplants
- Patients taking medicines for immunosuppressives
- Cancer patients
- HIV/AIDS patients
- Patients with primary immunodeficiencies
The country鈥檚 FDA granted an EUA for the administration of an additional vaccine booster to senior citizens 60 years old and above, the immunocompromised and front line health care workers鈥攖he three priority groups in the government鈥檚 vaccination program
READ: EUA OK鈥檇 for second booster for seniors, immunocompromised, health workers
However, Duque announced that health workers and seniors would not yet be part of the rollout.
GRAPHIC: Ed Lustan
鈥淔or now, what I have approved based on the recommendation of the Health Technology Assessment Council (HTAC) is the second booster dose only for immunocompromised patients,鈥� he said, referring to the advisory body of the DOH.
The health secretary said experts will soon study data on the second booster shot for health care workers and senior citizens.
The DOH said the second booster dose should be given four months after the first booster shot.
鈥淔or moderately and severely immunocompromised patients, the second booster could be given earlier subject to the attending physician鈥檚 assessment,鈥� the DOH said in a statement.
Health Undersecretary Maria Rosario Vergeire said last week that 鈥渋mmunocompromised individuals can receive their fourth dose as early as three months after their [first COVID-19 booster dose].鈥�
GRAPHIC: Ed Lustan
According to the DOH and the National Vaccination Operations Center (NVOC), among the six vaccine brands that have been approved for the administration of the second booster shot were:
- Pfizer-BioNTech
- Moderna
- Sinovac
- AstraZeneca
- Sputnik Light
- Janssen
In an interview with ANC last April 22, Health Undersecretary Myrna Cabotaje, who is also NVOC head, echoed the recommendation of the government鈥檚 Vaccine Expert Panel (VEP) and said that using a different vaccine brand as a second booster shot will be 鈥渕ore effective鈥� in fighting COVID-19.
鈥淎 different brand will be more effective because it tries to give additional protection outside of the regular or the homologous primary booster,鈥� Cabotaje said.
鈥淭hey are thinking that it will have a better effect, it鈥檚 a complementary effect to the original vaccine doses that have been given,鈥� she added.
GRAPHIC: Ed Lustan
However, she clarified that the use of a different vaccine brand as a second booster shot remains only a recommendation for now.
鈥淭here are preferences and based on studies, the recent clinical trials are showing that there may be more advantages. However, these are recommendations,鈥� Cabotaje said.
READ: DOH: Different vaccine brand as 2nd COVID-19 booster shot 鈥榤ore effective鈥�
According to Cabotaje, at least 7,000 to 13,000 immunocompromised individuals were expected to have their second booster shot on the first day of rollout on April 25.
She said the country has about 690,000 immunocompromised individuals who had already received their first booster shot.
GRAPHIC: Ed Lustan
Data from the National COVID-19 Vaccination Dashboard showed that 2,324,169 individuals鈥攐r persons with comorbidities under the A3 priority group鈥攈ad already received their first booster shots.
In a radio interview last April 23, Cabotaje said the country鈥檚 supply of vaccines is enough for the rollout of the second booster shots.
鈥淲e have enough vaccines for primary doses, first and second booster shots,鈥� she said.
Another surge?
Last week, Malaca帽ang clarified that the administration of the second booster shot for persons with comorbidity 鈥渉as nothing to do鈥� with fears of a possible surge of new COVDI-19 cases next month.
Communications Secretary Martin Andanar, presidential spokesperson, said that the additional booster dose is the government鈥檚 鈥渟cientific response to waning immunity鈥� and not to an anticipated spike in new cases by May.
鈥淥ur goal is to reinforce the shield that will protect us from any variants already here and that might come in later on,鈥� Andanar said.
READ: Palace: 2nd booster shot meant for waning immunity, not surge
Earlier this month, Dr. Rontgene Solante, chief of the Adult Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit at the government-run San Lazaro Hospital in Manila, said the country might face an uptick in new COVID-19 cases after the May 9 elections.
GRAPHIC: Ed Lustan
Aside from superspreader events, like the national elections on May 9 and the observation of Holy Week and Ramadan this April, 鈥渨aning immunity鈥� among people who have yet to get booster shots might lead to a surge in new cases.
鈥淲e may see a surge of cases, especially after the elections,鈥� Solante said.
鈥淭hey may infect one another, those who have been vaccinated but have yet to get their booster, there could be reinfection,鈥� he added.
According to the DOH, over 33 million eligible individuals have yet to get their booster shots.
Solante also pointed out that some people begin to drop the use of face masks amid the eased restriction on movement.
鈥淪ome people don鈥檛 even wear a face mask. So this is multifactorial, the possible rise in cases after the election or during the next two to three months,鈥� he said.
READ: Health expert warns of COVID-19 鈥榮urge鈥� after May 9 polls
On April 6, World Health Organization (WHO) released a statement warning about the possible surge in COVID-19 cases as 鈥渦nsafe gatherings and social mixing鈥� continue.
Dr Rajendra Yadav, acting WHO representative to the Philippines, said everyone should at least wear a mask and get booster shot to prepare for and possibly avoid a potential surge in the coming months.
READ: WHO warns of new COVID surge in 2 months, urges PH to prepare
Yadav said at a Laging Handa briefing last April 18 that the country may have as many as 300,000 active COVID-19 cases by mid-May if the public failed to comply with minimum health standards.
鈥淚 have seen those numbers, we have to prove those numbers wrong. That鈥檚 the challenge we face. If we relax our guard, if we relax our defenses, yes it鈥檚 possible to get to those numbers,鈥� said Yadav.
鈥淲hether the numbers will increase or not, only time will tell. We should not focus too much on the number of cases, rather on the number of people who are vaccinated. That鈥檚 more important,鈥� he said.
READ: WHO: 300K active COVID-19 cases in PH by May possible if health standards neglected
Last week, however, the DOH said recent warnings on the possible uptick in COVID-19 cases by May is only a projection.
鈥淚 just want to remind everyone that this is just a projection,鈥� said Vergere at a press briefing.
鈥淢eaning this may or may not happen. It is being used as guide so we can plan, prepare and inform our countrymen,鈥� she added.
READ: DOH says COVID surge by May if protocols aren鈥檛 met is just a projection
The health undersecretary clarified that projections are based on the risk factors present鈥攊ncluding crowding and mass gatherings in events like campaign rallies ahead of the May 9 elections.
Lower public compliance with minimum health standards, such as social distancing and wearing of masks, is also considered a factor for the possible surge.
鈥淭hese kinds of risk factors can contribute to the increase in cases. The projections include the assumption that if individuals, or the community or the population will have reduced compliance to minimum public health standards by about 30 to 50 percent, this kind聽of increase in cases will happen,鈥� Vergeire said.
READ: DOH warns of possible COVID-19 surge by May due to neglected health standards
The DOH on Sunday recorded 205 new cases of COVID-19, bringing the total number of confirmed infections to 3,684,500 nationwide. This includes 3,610,658 recoveries and 60,182 deaths.