As tobacco burns out, Malawi looks to cannabis

By: 3 years ago

黑料社 stock photo

NAMBUMA, Malawi鈥擴nder a scorching sun at a trading post in Malawi, Chikumbutso Chekeni and his wife head to their tobacco sheds to dry their newly harvested leaf.

Nambuma, 35 kilometers (20 miles) northwest of the capital Lilongwe, used to be a thriving farming town, buoyed by vast tobacco farming businesses.

Today, even during harvest season the town is sleepy, leading some farmers to think about switching from tobacco to the newly legalized marijuana.

Malawi is one of the world鈥檚 poorest countries but a major tobacco producer, ranking first in the world for burley and seventh for overall production.

No other economy is more dependent on the leaf. Government statistics say over 70 percent of the nation鈥檚 export income comes from tobacco.

鈥淭he main challenge we face as farmers is the issue of low pricing, which is really killing us,鈥� said Chekeni, who has been farming tobacco for 22 years.

Returns from tobacco, dubbed the 鈥楳alawi鈥檚 Green Gold鈥�, have dwindled over the past decade due to declining global demands driven by anti-smoking campaigns.

Despite the low prices, he sees no other option but to continue farming. This is the only business he knows.

This year has particularly been bad. Low volumes and low prices at the auction floors in Lilongwe forced the Tobacco Commission to cut trade to three days a week.

Even on those three days, sales last only an hour.

鈥淭he future of tobacco farming is bleak,鈥� said grower Yona Mkandawire. 鈥淏y now we should have a lot of tobacco in the warehouses and more trucks at the receiving bay, but there is a lot of empty space here.鈥�

Despite a sharp decline of tobacco earnings over the years, Malawi鈥檚 government still calls it a 鈥渟trategic crop鈥� and defends the country鈥檚 continuing investment in its production.

Last year tobacco earned Malawi $173.5 million, down 27 percent from the year before, the Tobacco Commission said.

鈥楳alawi Gold鈥�

Tobacco Commission chief executive officer Joseph Chidanti Malunga told AFP that this year鈥檚 harvest will be 50 million kilogrammes short of what the buyers are looking for.

But he insisted Malawi needs tobacco because it鈥檚 the only crop earning foreign currency.

鈥淲e cannot abandon this no matter how,鈥� he said. 鈥淎ll we do now is to make sure that we produce tobacco that is compliant with what the customers want.鈥�

During the first week of sales, prices were down more than 20 percent from last year, according to local media.

The price drop has seen some farmers try out new crops, including the recently legalised cannabis.

Malawi legalised cannabis farming for medicinal and industrial use in February 2020.

Falice Nkhoma, who is part of the Tilitonse Cooperative for Cannabis Growers, has dumped tobacco because of falling prices.

鈥淚 have been growing burley tobacco from 2014鈥� but with very little benefit because the prices were always low,鈥� said Nkhoma. She has little to show for producing the so-called green gold.

鈥淪o this year, when I heard that some people would be growing cannabis, I was really excited. I have bought the seeds, and hopefully cannabis farming will bring me good returns,鈥� she said.

It鈥檚 about time Malawi diversified its economy, said Betchani Tchereni, economics professor at the Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences.

鈥淲e just have to restart the economy. If it鈥檚 soya, then let鈥檚 do soya. If it鈥檚 cannabis, then let鈥檚 concentrate on cannabis,鈥� he said.

But cultivation licences could be prohibitive for some aspiring farmers.

Growers, who operate in groups of around 30, have on average to cough out $10,000 per collective in farming licence fees alone.

Easing the process of obtaining cannabis licences would give farmers an immediate boost.

鈥淚t takes just about three months to mature, and then boom, we have the forex,鈥� said Tchereni.

鈥淟icenses can鈥檛 be this expensive.鈥�

Cannabis growing is not new in Malawi, but has yet to develop to industrial scale.

According to a 2011 World Bank report, Malawi鈥檚 hemp, known locally as 鈥榗hamba鈥� or 鈥楳alawi Gold鈥� is among 鈥渢he best and finest鈥� sativas in the world.