Activist Billie Jean Van Knight speaks during an interview at George Floyd Square in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 10, 2023. On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old African-American man, died of asphyxiation under the knee of a white police officer. AFP
MINNEAPOLIS 鈥� It鈥檚 been nearly three years since a white police officer put his knee on George Floyd鈥檚 neck, asphyxiating the African-American man and sparking mass protests against racism and police violence.
As the anniversary approaches of the May 25, 2020 killing 鈥� which was captured on video and went viral around the world 鈥� AFP came back to ask his aunt, a protester, and one of the leaders of an organization dedicated to his memory to describe what has changed, and what hasn鈥檛.
Angela Harrelson
For George Floyd鈥檚 aunt, among the most notable developments after her nephew鈥檚 death is 鈥渢he acknowledgement that systemic racism exists.鈥�
鈥淭he conversation is different. People are more open, especially white America, about talking about race relations,鈥� Harrelson tells AFP in front of 鈥淕eorge Floyd Square,鈥� the makeshift memorial erected where the 46-year-old was killed in the northern US city of Minneapolis.
鈥淧eople always ask, 鈥楧o you think it鈥檚 getting better?鈥� Yes,鈥� she says.
She points to the conviction of the police officers involved in Floyd鈥檚 death, the reforms in Minneapolis law enforcement, and diversity programs at universities.
鈥淚s there more work to do? Yes. Will there be more police killings? Yes, there will,鈥� she says.
That is why the work must go on.
鈥淭wenty years from now, 50 years from now, 100 years from now, the goal is not to hold a sign that says 鈥楤lack Lives Matter.鈥� And until we can do that鈥� that鈥檚 when we know we have arrived. That鈥檚 the goal.鈥�
Bethany Tamrat
AFP first encountered Bethany Tamrat, now 22, at a protest in Minneapolis in 2020. At the time, she says, it was essential for her to participate in the movement because she wanted 鈥渢o be able to say, 鈥業 saw it with my own eyes.'鈥�
鈥淚n the moment, during 2020, it felt like there was a shift鈥�. There was a lot of hopefulness鈥� that there was going to be positive change,鈥� she says, speaking on her university campus.
鈥淎nd I can confidently say three years after that, it was really a facade,鈥� she said. 鈥淚t almost feels like we took five steps, only for us to lose 15 steps back.鈥�
The heated debate in schools and universities over Critical Race Theory 鈥� which holds that racial bias is inherent in many parts of US society, and often embedded in legal systems and policies 鈥� is a glaring example, she says.
On May 15, nearly a month after AFP鈥檚 interview with her, Florida鈥檚 governor signed legislation to end diversity programs at public universities in his state.
鈥淚 don鈥檛 think people are ready to make the change,鈥� she says.
Talking about diversity and inclusion within a private company is one thing, but when you 鈥渞eally sit in with yourself and reflect on how you have contributed to racism, how you have these personal biases against certain communities, that takes harder work.鈥�
鈥淓ven as a country, we can鈥檛 all be on the same page when it comes to history鈥�. We all have varying versions of what happened in this country鈥� then how can you make change?鈥�
Maybe, she ponders, it is by 鈥渢ruly listening to the people that are affected.鈥�
Jeanelle Austin
Cofounder and executive director of the George Floyd Global Memorial, Jeanelle Austin preserves every single item left at the scene of his murder.
The signs, flowers, notes and other items will one day be displayed to ensure that people 鈥渞emember what happened for the purposes of continuing the pursuit of racial justice,鈥� she says amid the curated items from the scene that are catalogued and stored.
For her, real change was possible, but 鈥減eople won鈥檛 do it,鈥� she says, 鈥渂ecause we have a system and an industry in our country that requires Black people to be at the bottom.鈥�
The anti-racism protests of 2020 saw Americans take down Confederate statues and fight for legislative change in a campaign for justice.
But 鈥渁ll of that was not going to solve the problem of racism in the country if people weren鈥檛 willing to change,鈥� Austin says.
The nature of policing is also an issue, she notes.
For example, when Tyre Nichols, a young Black man from Memphis, died in January after being beaten by African-American police officers, 鈥減eople said, 鈥榃ell, what is this?鈥� This is Black-on-Black crime,'鈥� she says.
鈥淧olicing culture is policing culture, regardless of your skin.鈥�
Some people then reverted to business as usual, 鈥渁nd business as usual is what caused harm,鈥� according to Austin.
These issues do not revolve exclusively around policing, but churn in the country鈥檚 media, education and health care, she says.
鈥淚t鈥檚 always a state of emergency. Because lives are at stake. People are dying.鈥�
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