Supporters of Pakistan's religious party Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Nazriati group) hold a a poster of al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden during pro-bin Laden rally in Quetta, Pakistan on Wednesday, May 2, 2012. Hundreds of Osama supporters from a pro-Taliban Islamic party have rallied to condemn the killing of bin Laden by US forces a year ago. Writing on poster reads "God is great." (AP Photo/Arshad Butt)
CAIRO 鈥� During his last months holed up in a villa in Pakistan, one of the concerns on Osama bin Laden鈥檚 mind was image control: Al-Qaida鈥檚 branches and allies were making the terror network look bad in the eyes of the Islamic world.
A newly released selection of letters captured in the U.S. raid that killed bin Laden a year ago shows the al-Qaida leader was meticulous in tracking how his associates鈥� actions and public statements reflected on the cause of jihad, or holy war. And he frequently tried to keep them in line.
In an October 2010 letter to a top lieutenant, bin Laden complains about Faisal Shahzad, the militant recruited by the Pakistani Taliban to set off a car bomb in New York鈥檚 Times Square. The May 2010 bombing failed. During his trial, Shahzad 鈥� a Pakistani who gained U.S. citizenship 鈥� told the court he 鈥渄idn鈥檛 mean it鈥� when he took his American citizenship oath, which includes a vow not to harm the United States.
Bin Laden said lying about an oath breaks Islamic law.
鈥淭his is not the kind of lying to the enemy that is permitted. It is treachery,鈥� bin Laden wrote. He told his lieutenant to take it up with Hakimullah Mehsud, the leader of the Pakistani Taliban, and ensure it didn鈥檛 happen again.
鈥淵ou know the negative effects this has if this matter is not resolved and if the mujahedeen are not cleared of the suspicion of breaking an oath and treachery.鈥�
The letters point to the complicated relationship between bin Laden鈥檚 鈥渁l-Qaida Central鈥� and its branches and allies. The Pakistani Taliban are close to al-Qaida and the branches in Yemen, Iraq and North Africa use the al-Qaida name. But they largely operated independently of the top leadership in Pakistan and Afghanistan, which does not appear to know about most operations beforehand and offers advice and guidance, which is not always heeded.
The 17 letters released Thursday by U.S. officials do not give a full picture of al-Qaida鈥檚 operation or of bin Laden. The messages, written by bin Laden and senior associates, are only a small sampling of the trove seized in the raid on the compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan last year.
In his audiotapes to the world released over the years, bin Laden was known for his florid rhetoric and highly elevated vocabulary, obscure even to some Arabic speakers. But there is almost none of that in the private messages to associates. Bin Laden is businesslike and to the point, whether it鈥檚 discussing travel arrangements for his sons, advising Algerian militants to plant tamarind and acacia trees in their desert hideouts (they鈥檙e cheap, don鈥檛 need much water, and can hide you from drones), or telling his lieutenants to try to shoot down President Barack Obama鈥檚 plane on a visit to Afghanistan.
He is also unflaggingly polite, even in firm criticism of his 鈥渂rothers鈥� 鈥� consistent with the soft-spoken, soothing personality many militants who met him described. He repeatedly prefaces orders with the phrase, 鈥淚t would be good if 鈥� 鈥�
Bin Laden appears intent on imposing greater control over the al-Qaida 鈥渇ranchises,鈥� though it is not clear he was ever able to do so.
He raises alarm that attacks by the branches that have killed Muslim civilians have 鈥渃ost the mujahedeen no small amount of sympathy among Muslims. The enemy has exploited the mistakes of the mujahedeen to mar their image among the masses,鈥� according to the Arabic originals of the letters posted by West Point鈥檚 Combatting Terrorism Center.
Once again, he turns to Islamic law, pointing to 鈥渢atarrus鈥� 鈥� literally 鈥渟hielding鈥� 鈥� a set of Shariah rules on when civilian casualties are justified during jihad. The branches are playing too loosely with the rules and 鈥渋n practical terms, it causes great damage to the message of jihad,鈥� he writes in a May 2010 letter to the same lieutenant, Atiyah Abd al-Rahman, who was himself killed in an August airstrike in the Waziristan region of Pakistan.
Instead, he advises, they should focus on attacking Americans, whether in the U.S. or in countries where the mujahedeen would not be vulnerable to retaliation.
Bin Laden details an extensive plan to rearrange the administration of al-Qaida and the branches, by which the central leadership would weigh in on the naming of the branches鈥� leaders and their deputies 鈥� and much like an employer recruiting staff, he asks that biographies of the candidates be sent to the central leaders. Al-Qaida Central, he says, must issue media guidelines to ensure the branches stay on message in their statements.
Despite the plan, it is not clear that al-Qaida Central 鈥� or bin Laden鈥檚 successor Ayman al-Zawahri 鈥� managed to bring that increased control. In the letter, bin Laden advises al-Qaida鈥檚 branch in Yemen not to get bogged down in trying to fight the Yemeni government to establish an 鈥淚slamic state鈥� in the country. Yet since bin Laden鈥檚 death, al-Qaida militants and their allies in Yemen have been battling with the military over control of several towns in the south of the country.
Bin Laden鈥檚 annoyance is clear whenever al-Qaida鈥檚 branches and allies go off message.
He chides militant Pakistani clerics for telling victims of devastating floods which displaced millions in the summer of 2010 that the disaster was punishment for their sins.
鈥淚t occurred to me too at the time that a main cause (of the flood) was sin,鈥� bin Laden wrote. 鈥淏ut it had to be kept in mind, there were people holding on to two of their children (in the floodwaters) and losing the rest. It would have been better to focus on talking about rescuing the Muslim victims.鈥�
He also complains of bad media spin in the plot by al-Qaida in Yemen to bomb a U.S. jetliner on Christmas Day, 2009 鈥� a plot that failed when the would-be bomber botched setting off his explosives on the plane. Bin Laden points out that the branch said the attempted bombing was in retaliation for a U.S. airstrike in Yemen. They should have said the attack was in support of the Palestinian cause, he said.
Such bad messaging, he says, 鈥渨eakens our position when we say we are an international organization fighting to free Palestine and all the Muslim nations to establish an Islamic caliphate.鈥�