(File) Dead fish are pictured on the banks of the river Oder in Schwedt, eastern Germany, on August 12, 2022, after a massive fish kill was discovered in the river in the eastern federal state of Brandenburg, close to the border with Poland. The cause of the mass mortality of fish along the river is still unclear. Authorities in Frankfurt an der Oder warned 鈥渟trongly鈥� against coming into contact with the river鈥檚 water. (Photo by Odd ANDERSEN / Agence France-Presse)
DUBAI 鈥� A quarter of freshwater fish species worldwide are at risk of extinction, according to an update to the global red list of threatened species on Monday, highlighting the escalating impacts of human-caused climate change on the planet鈥檚 wildlife.
The assessment published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) also updated its list to reflect climate change threats to Atlantic salmon, green turtles, and big-leaf mahogany trees.
鈥淐limate change is menacing the diversity of life our planet harbors and undermining nature鈥檚 capacity to meet basic human needs,鈥� IUCN director general Grethel Aguilar said in a statement.
Of the nearly 15,000 freshwater fish species assessed, 25 percent were at risk of extinction, and of those, at least 17 percent were suffering consequences of climate change, including fluctuating water levels and shifting seasons.
The IUCN ranks a species鈥� risk of extinction along nine categories ranging from 鈥渘ot evaluated鈥� to 鈥渆xtinct.鈥�
Atlantic salmon experienced a 23-percent decrease between 2006 and 2020, rising along the list from of 鈥渓east concern鈥� to 鈥渘ear threatened.鈥�
Global warming is affecting 鈥渁ll stages鈥� of its life cycle鈥攔educing prey, allowing invasive species to expand, and increasing deaths of young salmon due to water pollution linked mostly to logging and agriculture, IUCN said.
Green turtles in the Central South Pacific and East Pacific were classified as 鈥渆ndangered鈥� and 鈥渧ulnerable,鈥� respectively, in the update.
Rising sea temperatures decrease hatching success and reduce the seagrass green turtles rely on for food. Rising sea levels flood nests and drown the young, while adult turtles are often caught and killed as a byproduct of industrial fishing.
The big leaf mahogany tree was reclassified from 鈥渧ulnerable鈥� to 鈥渆ndangered鈥� due to the unsustainable harvesting of sought-after timber and agricultural encroachment on the tropical forests where it grows.
Conservation efforts
But the updated list also showed the power of conservation efforts.
The scimitar-horned oryx improved from 鈥渆xtinct in the wild鈥� to 鈥渆ndangered鈥� after conservationists successfully reintroduced the species in Chad.
The previously 鈥渃ritically endangered鈥� saiga antelope rose to 鈥渘ear threatened鈥� on the list. Between 2015 and 2022 its population, living mostly in Kazakhstan, increased by 1,100 percent as a result of stringent antipoaching measures and enforcement.
But both species are at risk of rising threats from climate change in the regions where they live.
The scimitar-horned oryx faces more frequent and severe droughts in the Sahel region of Africa. And in 2015 saiga antelopes suffered 鈥渕ass mortality鈥� due to 鈥渁bnormally high temperatures and humidity鈥� in the region, according to the authors.
鈥淭o ensure the results of conservation action are durable, we need to tackle the interlinked climate and biodiversity crises decisively,鈥� said IUCN president Razan Al Mubarak.
The IUCN red list now includes 157,190 species, of which 44,016 are threatened with extinction.
The updated list comes as nations race against the clock to reach an agreement during this year鈥檚 COP28 climate conference in Dubai, scheduled to end on Tuesday.