A date with a rabbi.
This was how the talk of Rabbi Eliyahu Azaria was listed in the calendar of events for the two-week special summer program on Jewish-Christian Spirituality, held recently at the Institute of Formation and Religious Studies (IFRS) in Quezon City.
But for Corazon Roxas, one of around 40 Catholics who listened to Rabbi Azaria talk on Jewish beliefs and practices, it was more like a date with history.
Like most Catholics, Roxas, a lay masteral student of biblical studies at the Society of Divine Word in Tagaytay City, has read about Jews, rabbis and synagogues in the Bible. But it was her first time to hear about a Jewish synagogue in Makati City and her first time to see a rabbi in the flesh.
And that was a defining moment for her, specifically a time to discard stereotypes.
Roxas鈥� image of a rabbi used to be that of a stern-looking, long-bearded man, dressed in black, hands always clasped in front of him. But she found Azaria 鈥渘ormal,鈥� wearing ordinary clothes and shiny black shoes鈥攁nd handsome, too.
Other participants found him 鈥減ositive,鈥� 鈥渨ith a sense of humor鈥� and 鈥渓ikeable.鈥�
Interfaith dialogue
Azaria was happy about the interfaith dialogue鈥攎ostly with Catholic nuns and priests鈥攚hich came at a time 鈥渨hen there鈥檚 so much understanding with different Christian communities.鈥�
The dialogue was arranged by Sr. Helen Graham, a theologian, biblical scholar and professor at IFRS, who described it as 鈥渁n important first step to continue to make our relationship grow.鈥�
Among those who listened to Azaria鈥檚 talk was Zenaida 鈥淣ini鈥� Quezon-Avance帽a, daughter of President Manuel Quezon.
Lone synagogue
The Bait Yaacov Synagogue of the Jewish Association of the Philippines on De La Costa Street in Makati City is the only synagogue in the Philippines.
It is part of a complex that houses a large function room, a spacious kosher kitchen, library, classrooms, mikvah (a ritual bath where Orthodox Jews purify themselves). Its library is said to be the largest Jewish library in Southeast Asia.
Rabbi Azaria counts 80 families in the small but 鈥渧ibrant鈥� community.
A native of Chicago, Azaria and his wife moved to the Philippines seven years ago, after his rabbinical studies and ordination at the Midrash Sephardic Yeshiva in Jerusalem.
A graduate of the Joseph Straus Rabbinical Seminary鈥檚 Amiel Program (Straus-Amiel), Azaria underwent training to meet the challenges of serving different communities, whether within monolithic religious communities, in mixed congregations with religious and secular members, or communities seeking to find their way back to Judaism.
Straus-Amiel training covers understanding Diaspora communities; professional leadership; communications and public relations; family counseling, rhetoric and public speaking; guiding families through life-cycle events; the structure and management of the synagogue throughout the Jewish year; and contemporary questions in the Jewish world.
The Makati synagogue offers kindergarten classes for Jewish children and engages older children with appealing after-school and Sunday classes in Hebrew and Jewish studies and has bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah classes, as well as weekly night adult classes.
Kosher meals
Since Azaria is a shohet鈥攁 person who has rabbinic training and license to slaughter animals and birds鈥攁ll meals in the synagogue are strictly kosher, that is, 鈥渇it鈥� or 鈥減roper鈥� to be eaten, as these have been prepared according to Jewish food laws.
But kosher, according to Azaria, is also applied to behavior. For example, he said, if one is mean, he is not behaving in the kosher way.
He discussed at length the kosher animals鈥攖hose considered fit to eat鈥攁s stated in Leviticus. These are cows, sheep, goats and fish with scales.
Azaria explained that Jews observe the food laws to become more brainy, more spiritual. But more important, as kosher animals are fit to be offered at the king鈥檚 altar, by eating and observing kosher in their actions, Jews are sitting and eating at the table of the king.
Azaria saw nothing intrinsically wrong with eating pork (not kosher to the Jews), but eating only kosher food strengthens Jews鈥� relationship with the Almighty, as they are following the teachings of the Torah鈥攖he Jewish laws.
Improving relations
Graham said inviting Azaria for a talk at the IFRS was part of the institute鈥檚 commitment to improve Christian-Jewish relations.
鈥淲e鈥檝e been visiting the synagogue,鈥� Graham said. 鈥淚 brought my Bible group one Friday evening and we鈥檝e got back there a few more times. We talked to him and little by little, we were trying to make a good relationship between the synagogue and the IFRS.鈥�
The IFRS is a center for formation, with students coming from even non-Christian countries like Burma (Myanmar), China and Vietnam.
Graham said the visits were part of the institute鈥檚 Bat Kol (heavenly voice) commitment to Jewish-Christian relations.
Based in Jerusalem, the Bat Kol Institute was formed as a response to Nostre Aetate (In Our Time), a Vatican II document that introduced reforms in Church policies, including interactions with non-Christians like Muslims and the Jews.
鈥楧别颈肠颈诲别鈥�
Section 4 of Nostra Aetate repudiates the centuries-old charge of 鈥渄eicide鈥� against the Jews. It states that while the Jewish authorities and their followers pressed for the crucifixion of Jesus, his death 鈥渃annot be charged against all the Jews, without distinction, then alive, nor against the Jews of today.鈥�
The 1965 document also stresses the religious bond shared by Jews and Catholics, reaffirms the eternal covenant between God and the people of Israel, and dismisses church interest in trying to baptize Jews.
The IFRS conducts a special summer course on Jewish-Christian spirituality, which includes the history of Jewish-Christian relations, an overview of relevant documents of the Catholic Church, introduction to Hebrew, and a study of Scriptures common to Christians and Jews.
The course also includes a study of Jewish feasts and their relationship to Christian feasts, reflection on the Shoah (Holocaust), and an introduction to Jewish prayer and the Sabbath.
Asked why the IFRS is offering the course, Graham said that most Catholic clergy are unfamiliar with Nostre Aetate, although it was promulgated nearly 50 years ago.
Jesus was a Jew
She cited the聽 need to purge the liturgy of antisemitisms and to adjust the 鈥淧abasa鈥� (the Lenten chanting of the Passion), which continues to blame the Jews for the death of Jesus.
鈥淚t is our commitment to have a correct understanding of our traditions and how we are related to the Jewish people,鈥� Graham said. 鈥淛esus was a Jew. His parents were Jewish and the disciples were Jewish, too.鈥�
When asked about the challenges of living in the Philippines as a Jew, Rabbi Azaria said that observing kosher is a challenge because there are no kosher restaurants in the Philippines.
As a special service for visitors and for local residents,聽 kosher meals to go can be ordered from the synagogue.
Open-door policy
Azaria praised the Philippines for giving shelter to Jews who fled Europe to escape death under the Nazis during World War II.
Frank Ephraim, an American engineer who made it safely to Manila as a child, chronicled the flight to the Philippines and identified 1,318 European Jews who were saved from the gas chambers and mass graves of the Holocaust by President Quezon鈥檚 open-door policy.
In 1947, the Philippines also stood by the Jews, delivering the 鈥渕ost crucial and deciding vote鈥� for the United Nations resolution creating the state of Israel, according to a report by the Department of Foreign Affairs.
The Philippines was the first Asian country to officially recognize Israel as a state.
Rabbi Azaria said he was thankful for that singular day.
Graham said she was confident the relationship with the synagogue would continue to grow.
There will be another date, and even more dates, with the rabbi.