ISIS: A deadlier threat say experts.
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Moving through cyberspace with no clearly defined face or structure, militant group Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) represents a far more deadly threat to Southeast Asia than Jemaah Islamiah (JI), intelligence officials and analysts say.
ISIS leaders and members come from diverse social and economic backgrounds and age groups, making profiling and detection difficult; unlike the Southeast Asian group JI, which is linked to Al-Qaeda.
鈥淲hen we arrest JI leaders, we can see who are the leaders, who are the members. But with ISIS, we cannot see the leaders or the members as they operate in cells,鈥� Malaysia鈥檚 outgoing Special Branch director Akhil Bulat told听The Straits Times听this month in Jakarta where he received a bravery award for helping to cripple JI.
鈥淚SIS is far more dangerous than JI,鈥� added Akhil.
His colleague, counter-terrorism principal assistant director Ayub Khan, said most JI members come from religious schools and are in their early to late 30s.
鈥淛I is much easier for police to detect as we can profile the members. With ISIS, they come from a diverse background. You cannot profile them.
鈥淪ome of them are as young as 12, 13, 17,鈥� Ayub told听The Straits Times听in Kuala Lumpur.
鈥淚t is not easy to enter into JI.
Recruits are carefully selected. They have to make the pledge of allegiance in front of their leader. With ISIS, you need to pledge allegiance only via the Internet,鈥� he added.
Among the 10 ISIS suspects that Malaysian police arrested last Wednesday was a 42-year-old civil servant who married her Syria-based militant husband via Skype.
Last year, a 27-year-old student from Limkokwing University in Selangor also married an ISIS fighter via Skype.
She was arrested and then released as the police did not have enough evidence to charge her.
Both cases underscore the ISIS鈥� relentless online presence and the danger it poses to the public as it tries to recruit men and women to join the fight in Iraq and Syria.
To prevent detection, Malaysian recruits avoid travelling directly to Turkey鈥檚 capital Istanbul, a jump-off point for those joining ISIS. The Malaysians travel first to Jakarta or Bali and then to Istanbul and finally Syria, said Ayub.
鈥淚f they were to go direct to Istanbul, it will catch our attention.鈥�
To date, 66 Malaysians are known to be in Syria. Another 121 have been arrested for suspected links with ISIS.
The Indonesians are employing the same tactics.
They travel from Jakarta to Kuala Lumpur where many buy their tickets to Istanbul.
Malaysia and Indonesia are sharing intelligence to stop the flow of recruits, but police say people still slip through.
鈥淪o far, we have deported 13 Indonesians (this year) back to Jakarta who were travelling to Syria from Kuala Lumpur,鈥� says Ayub. No Malaysian has been deported from Jakarta.
Adding to the risks, Akhil said, is Malaysia鈥檚 political turmoil, with its prime minister embroiled in a financial scandal.
鈥淚t (ISIS) will take advantage of the weakness in our agencies as most of our intelligence agencies are bogged down with political issues鈥� If we are not careful, there is a big possibility of bad elements, including ISIS, carrying out attacks.鈥�
Professor 听Bilveer Singh of the National University of Singapore concurs, saying the current divided political leadership in Malaysia gives ISIS a good opportunity to strike.
鈥淚SIS operates like the Communist Party of Malaysia. The moment it spots a window of opportunity, it will penetrate and exploit it,鈥� he said.
鈥淭hey (ISIS) have an excellent window with the political leadership divided so badly, (and) the intelligence, military and police agencies diverted and distracted.
鈥淭his is a good time to strike, partly as an opportunistic target, partly for revenge for all the ISIS arrests, and partly to respond to (prime minister) Najib Razak鈥檚 鈥榤oderate movement鈥�,鈥� said Prof Singh.