This undated file image shows Omar Mateen, who authorities say killed dozens of people inside the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Fla., on Sunday, June 12, 2016. US authorities say Omar Mateen, the man who carried out the worst mass shooting in modern US history, had touted support not just for the Islamic State but also other radical factions that are enemies of the Sunni militant group. He not only professed allegiance to IS but also expressed solidarity with a suicide bomber from the Syrian branch of al-Qaida, which is known as the Nusra Front and which is Islamic State鈥檚 top rival. AP FILE PHOTO
NEW YORK 鈥� Was the Orlando nightclub gunman part of the local gay dating scene? As investigators ask that question, activists and academics reflect on a phenomenon that has been documented: Some men who profess to disdain homosexuality have covertly engaged in sex with other men.
Over the years, there has been a string of politicians and pastors who publicly opposed various gay-rights initiatives, and eventually were implicated in furtive same-sex liaisons.
The Rev. Ted Haggard, a prominent evangelical megachurch pastor in Colorado who opposed same-sex marriage, was forced out of his job in 2006 after a male escort alleged Haggard had paid him for sex. Sen. Larry Craig of Idaho, a consistent foe of gay-rights legislation, pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct in 2007 following his arrest in a Minneapolis airport men鈥檚 room where an undercover officer suspected him of soliciting sex.
It鈥檚 not yet known if Omar Mateen, killed in a gun battle with police during Sunday鈥檚 attack on a gay nightclub in Orlando, had any sort of internal struggle related to sexual identity.
His father has suggested he may have acted out of anti-gay hatred, and was not gay himself. Meanwhile, the FBI is investigating reports that Mateen was a regular at the nightclub and had used gay dating apps.
READ: Orlando shooter homophobe and wife beater鈥攔eports
Even if it turns out that Mateen, a Muslim, had engaged in gay sex, and was conflicted about it, there is no track record to suggest that would be a trigger for a massacre. Gay-on-gay violence is not uncommon, but much of it is in the form of intimate-partner violence, not attacks on strangers.
鈥淚t is very rare that homophobia turns into something that is so hateful,鈥� said Dr. Marshall Forstein, a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist and president of the American Psychiatric Association鈥檚 lesbian, gay and bisexual caucus.
鈥淲e don鈥檛 know whether he (Mateen) was casing the joint, whether he was trying to find victims on the websites or whether he was trying to deal with internalized feelings鈥� of homosexuality, Forstein said.
Sarah Kate Ellis, president of the LGBT advocacy group GLAAD, said any further revelations about Mateen鈥檚 sexuality wouldn鈥檛 alter the fact that the LGBT community 鈥� and the core values of America 鈥� had suffered a horrific attack.
鈥淲hether the gunman鈥檚 homophobia spurred from hatred of others or hatred of himself, this is homophobia all the same,鈥� she said in a statement. 鈥淎nd it鈥檚 sadly just the latest example of homophobia turning to horrific violence, just as it has for decades.鈥�
Psychological studies have shown that some men with repressed same-sex desires may express anti-gay views, especially if they grew up in families that opposed homosexuality.
Dr. Jack Drescher, a New York-based psychiatrist with expertise in sexual-identity issues, cited a 1996 study at the University of Georgia that tested the sexual arousal of men exposed to imagery of gay sex. It found that men with antipathy toward gays had higher arousal levels than men who were accepting of gays.
However, Drescher said there鈥檚 been relatively little subsequent research to explore the topic of anti-gay sentiments among men sexually attracted to other men.
鈥淚t might make common sense, but I don鈥檛 think it鈥檚 been very well studied,鈥� Drescher said. 鈥淎nd rarely do you see this level of violence 鈥� it鈥檚 not a typical response.鈥�
Douglas Haldeman, president-elect of the California Psychological Association, also has reviewed the Georgia study.
鈥淚t did suggest that some people cannot tolerate their own homoerotic responses,鈥� he said. 鈥淭heir cultural beliefs, their society, has caused them to internalize their feelings.鈥�
READ: Omar Mateen: religious man, bipolar or Islamic State terrorist?
Michael Newcomb, a Northwestern University psychologist who studies health disparities in the LGBT community, said even if the shooter was struggling with his own sexuality, it鈥檚 likely many other factors led to the massacre.
鈥淧eople who are struggling to come to terms with their sexual identity do at times react to that by doing the exact opposite, which could be to become more masculine or more vocal about their ideals of a traditional family,鈥� he said. 鈥淭here are so many societal factors that can lead to mental health problems just by living in a society that devalues being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender.鈥�
That may sometimes lead to violent outbursts, but not to the extreme of the Orlando massacre, he said.
The Orlando attack, which left 49 people dead in addition to Mateen, occurred just two weeks ahead of the one-year anniversary of the US Supreme Court ruling legalizing same-sex marriage nationwide.
That ruling, and increasing acceptance in many other realms of US society, have empowered many people to come out as gay at earlier ages and to be more comfortable with that decision, according to gay activist Wayne Besen, a Florida native now based in Chicago.
鈥淲hen I came out in 1988, I felt alone, like I was the only one,鈥� he said. 鈥淣obody says that anymore. Everyone knows there鈥檚 a community out there, that people are out and happy.鈥�
However, he said there are pockets of US society, for example in households where homosexuality is viewed as sinful, where young people still struggle with whether to come out.
鈥淔or someone who grew up in an extremely anti-gay atmosphere, with parents saying that if they had a gay child they would shun them, that creates profound psychological damage,鈥� Besen said. 鈥淭hey may want to come out but they can鈥檛.鈥�
For any such young person, he suggested, it would be deeply frustrating to be in the closet while observing the growing number of gays and lesbians living openly and confidently.
鈥淚t鈥檚 out there and in your face and hard to avoid,鈥� he said.