Former president and now Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. (INQUIRER FILE PHOTO/JOAN BONDOC)
Former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo walked free from nearly five years of hospital detention yesterday, two days after the Supreme Court ruled that the Aquino administration had failed to produce evidence to convict her of diverting charity funds to her personal use.
READ: Arroyo walks free after 4 yrs of hospital detention
Arroyo, who was recently reelected to a third term as Pampanga representative, received her release papers from the Sandiganbayan after the high tribunal鈥檚 ruling was released earlier in the day saying the antigraft court erred in its findings that the former President personally benefited from intelligence funds of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO).
鈥淚t鈥檚 a happy day today because she has just been freed,鈥� Arroyo鈥檚 lawyer, Laurence Arroyo, told Agence France-Presse (AFP).
A convoy whisked the 69-year-old Arroyo out of the Veterans Memorial Medical Center compound at nightfall, past reporters and TV camera crews who had gathered at the gate for hours. The lawyer said Arroyo proceeded to her La Vista Subdivision home and was to see doctors at St. Luke鈥檚 Medical Center for medical treatment.
Arroyo, who is suffering from severe cervical spinal problems, in a statement on Tuesday vowed to go after her tormentors.
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Face of corruption
She was depicted as the face of corruption by former President Benigno Aquino III, who did not miss a chance in local and international forums to denounce her nine-year rule.
Arroyo had ordered the dismantling of the Aquino family鈥檚 Hacienda Luisita, saying that a stock distribution option that allowed the sprawling estate exemption from the agrarian reform program of his mother, the late President Corazon Aquino, did not improve the lives of its farmers.
In a statement yesterday, Aquino lamented the court ruling, saying that there was nothing in the PCSO charter allowing the disbursement of funds for antiterrorism campaigns.
The court鈥檚 11-4 vote was announced by a court spokesperson on Tuesday. The text of the decision was released only yesterday and was sent to the Sandiganbayan for promulgation.
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READ: Sandiganbayan defers to SC, orders Arroyo release
In the 48-page main decision posted on its official website, the Supreme Court said the Sandiganbayan had 鈥渃ompletely ignored the failure of the information to sufficiently charge conspiracy to commit plunder 鈥� and ignored the lack of evidence establishing the corpus delicti (body of the crime) of amassing, accumulation and acquisition of ill-gotten wealth in the total amount of at least P50,000,000.00 through any or all of the predicate crimes.鈥�
鈥淭he Sandiganbayan thereby acted capriciously, thus gravely abusing its discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction,鈥� said the decision penned by Associate Justice Lucas Bersamin.
鈥淕rave abuse of discretion means such capricious or whimsical exercise of judgment which is equivalent to lack of jurisdiction,鈥� the court held, 鈥渆xercised in an arbitrary or despotic manner by reason of passion or personal hostility.鈥�
The prosecution鈥檚 main evidence hinged on an 鈥淥K鈥� that Arroyo had written on requests for fund releases.
The tribunal dismissed the prosecution鈥檚 鈥渃onspiracy鈥� theory, declaring that this 鈥渆xists when two or more persons come to an agreement concerning the commission of a felony, and decide to commit it.
鈥淚n her case, GMA points out that all the state showed was her having affixed her unqualified 鈥極K鈥� on the fund releases requested,鈥� said the ruling, using Arroyo鈥檚 initials.
鈥淪he argues that such act was not even an overt act of plunder because it had no immediate and necessary relation to plunder by virtue of her approval not being per se illegal or irregular,鈥� it added.
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Command responsibility
The court said 鈥渢he treatment by the Sandiganbayan of her handwritten unqualified 鈥極K鈥� as an overt act of plunder was absolutely unwarranted considering that such act was a common legal and valid practice of signifying approval of a fund release by the President.鈥�
鈥淗ere, considering that 10 persons have been accused of amassing, accumulating and/or acquiring ill-gotten wealth aggregating P365,997,915.00, it would be improvable that the crime charged was plunder if none of them was alleged to be the main plunderer. As such, each of the 10 accused would account for the aliquot amount of only P36,599,791.50.50, or exactly 1/10 of the alleged aggregate ill-gotten wealth, which is far below the threshold value of ill-gotten wealth required for plunder,鈥� it said.
鈥淭he prosecution seems to be relying on the doctrine of command responsibility to impute the actions of subordinate officers to GMA as the superior officer. The reliance is misplaced, for incriminating GMA under those terms was legally unacceptable and incomprehensible. The doctrine of command responsibility is limited, and cannot be true for all litigations.鈥�
Concurring with Bersamin in the decision were Justices Presbitero Velasco Jr., Teresita de Castro, Arturo Brion, Diosdado Peralta, Mariano del Castillo, Jose Perez, Jose Mendoza, Bienvenido Reyes, Estela Perlas-Bernabe and Francis Jardeleza.
Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno dissented, along with Justices Antonio Carpio, Marvic Leonen and Benjamin Caguioa. Carpio was an Arroyo appointee, the three others were Aquino鈥檚.
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Order issued
At a little before 4 p.m., the Sandiganbayan鈥檚 First Division issued the order allowing Arroyo and her coaccused, Benigno Aguas, to walk free after the Supreme Court process server personally handed a copy of the court鈥檚 decision.
The resolution was signed by Justice Efren de la Cruz, the division chair, Presiding Justice Amparo Cabotaje-Tang and Associate Justice Geraldine Faith Econg.
The Sandiganbayan, which retained custody over the accused even though their case was elevated to the Supreme Court, noted the high court鈥檚 ruling dismissing the plunder charges against Arroyo and Aguas and ordering their immediate release.
Tang declined to comment on criticisms raised against the Sandiganbayan in the Supreme Court ruling.
鈥淪ince the Supreme Court is the highest court of the land and the final arbiter of all justiciable issues, the Sandiganbayan is duty-bound to respect and abide by it,鈥� she told reporters. With reports from Maricar Brizuela, DJ Yap, Jerome Aning and Estrella Torres/TVJ