This picture taken on July 24, 2015 shows women having a meal together at a rehabilitation facility to support reintegration for former prisoners in Tokyo. For Japan鈥檚 increasing cohort of elderly prison inmates, the prospect of a life of freedom upon release is fraught with unease. / AFP PHOTO / KAZUHIRO NOGI
Every day is the same. He wakes at 6:45 am, eats breakfast 20 minutes later and reports for work at eight o鈥檆lock sharp. But this isn鈥檛 your typical Japanese salaryman.
This man is in his 80s and he is in prison 鈥� a cage of structure and certainty that he is hesitant to ever leave.
鈥淚 don鈥檛 know what kind of life I should lead after I get out. I鈥檒l be worried about my health and financial situation once I leave,鈥� the inmate told AFP on condition of anonymity from Tokyo鈥檚 Fuchu Prison, where he is serving time for attempted theft.
His case is not unique: Japan is in the midst of a geriatric crime wave such that its prisons increasingly look like nursing homes.
The situation has become so dire the government approved a plan to deploy nursing care staff to about half of Japan鈥檚 70 prisons from April, allocating a budget of 58 million yen ($495,000).
In 2015, almost 20 percent of those who were either arrested or interrogated by police were aged 65 or older 鈥� up from 5.8 percent in 2000, according to the National Police Agency.
Most are imprisoned for petty crime such as shoplifting and theft.
The rise in senior crime is attributed to increased economic hardship, an ageing population, and pure greed, according to a 2013 report by the National Police Agency.
Geriatric crime wave
鈥淚t鈥檚 a problem that the work of prison officers is becoming more like nursing care,鈥� Justice Ministry official Shinsuke Nishioka said, contrasting that with the traditional task of ensuring the incarcerated don鈥檛 escape.
Officers at Fuchu, Japan鈥檚 biggest male-only correctional house, have to change diapers for some prisoners and help them bathe.
鈥淥lder prisoners sometimes are hard of hearing,鈥� Nishioka said. 鈥淭hey don鈥檛 understand instructions and they have to go to the toilet often. It鈥檚 tough. We鈥檒l need more officers.鈥�
As part of the plan to tackle the issue, authorities have also given the greenlight to a plan to send physical fitness experts to more prisons to cater to the needs of older inmates.
Prison life in Japan is far from easy 鈥� talking is forbidden while at work, inmates must walk single file, and bathing is restricted.
Even during rare events put on for their entertainment, they are only allowed to sit ramrod straight with their hands on their laps. Applause is generally forbidden.
Life is monotonous, and naturally restricted, yet many prefer this predictable regimen where they have shelter, food, and medical care, to life on the outside.
鈥淎t least (in prison) they have a roof over their head and guaranteed meals,鈥澛爏ays Tina Maschi, associate professor at Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service.
Yukie Kuwahara, in charge of prisoner welfare at Fuchu, said inmates tend to feel anxious as the day to leave approaches.
鈥淭hey don鈥檛 have to worry about day-to-day things inside prison,鈥� she said.
鈥楾ough on the outside鈥�
The recidivism rate for the over-65s is high: According to government data, about 70 percent of elderly offenders are back behind bars within five years.
鈥淭he reason why many older ex-convicts return to prisons is because it鈥檚 difficult for them to be financially independent,鈥� said Akio Doteuchi, a senior researcher at NLI Research Institute.
鈥淪ecuring housing and a job after going back into society is extremely difficult. And they鈥檙e isolated socially as more and more people are living alone,鈥� Doteuchi added.
Fuchu prison offers help such as job application role-playing exercises and lectures on social security services as prisoners approach release.
Halfway houses have also been set up to help ex-convicts in their early days of freedom.
One such place 鈥� Tokyo鈥檚 Ryozenkai 鈥� provides healthy elderly ex-prisoners with computer training, classes in manners and daily dinner during their 16-week stay.
But manager Terumi Obata says that four months is far too short as he believes there is a high risk of reoffending in the first two years if people do not get proper support.
鈥淭here鈥檚 no doubt financial stability is the most crucial鈥� challenge, Obata said.
鈥淏ut helping (ex-convicts) build trust with other people and teaching them there are good ones is crucial,鈥� he said, noting many were abused or grew up in dysfunctional homes.
Having a bridge between prison and the wider world can make all the difference.
鈥淟ife is tougher on the outside,鈥� one ex-offender told AFP. Now in her 60s, she served 15 years of a murder sentence before being released.
鈥淓verything has changed in society, such as mobile phones and automated ticket turnstiles鈥� at train and subway stations, she said.
She secured a cleaning job after joining a halfway house and believes she has turned a corner in her life, vowing never to return to prison.
鈥淚 want to work more regularly so that I can pay part of the earnings to the victim鈥檚 family.鈥�/rga