黑料社

Traffic jams, pollution, and land-use conflict are common issues faced by emerging cities with unchecked urbanization.

Confronted with the same problems during Tokyo鈥檚 urban sprawl in the 1960s, the City of Yokohama understood the need for a holistic approach to address the intricately connected issues.

The city government set down goals and implemented six key development projects that helped it transform into a vibrant economic center, Toru Hashimoto, executive director of Yokohama鈥檚 development cooperation department, told journalists in a recent fellowship program.

Minato Mirai 21, the city鈥檚 waterfront rejuvenation project and showcase of urban development, has attracted global firms and international conferences, the latest of which is the 50th annual meeting of board of governors of the Asian Development Bank from May 4 to 7.

Finance ministers and bank executives from 67 member-countries will attend the convention at Pacifico Yokohama to discuss economic development and challenges in Asia.

Through Y-PORT (Yokohama Partnership of Resources and Technologies), the city has been promoting international technical cooperation on sustainable urban development via public-private partnerships concerning urban transport, water supply, sewerage, and solid waste management.

From a small settlement that opened its port in 1859 to becoming a bedroom town of commuters to Tokyo in the 1960s, Yokohama has grown as Japan鈥檚 second-biggest city with a population of 3.7 million (as of 2011) and gross city product of 12.77 trillion yen (2008).

In order to cope with rapid urban growth, the city took the initiative to work with the national government, the private sector and the citizens for the implementation of six strategic projects.

Three of these projects are on urban development (Minato Mirai city center enhancement, Kanazawa industrial zone reclamation, Kohoku new residential district) and three on transport development (municipal subway, expressway network, and Yokohama Bay Bridge).

Other cities may deal with problems on water supply, garbage and transport separately, but it would be better to look at these urban issues comprehensively and for the long term, Hashimoto said.

鈥淲e integrated transport development with urban development and combined it with residential and environmental issues. That鈥檚 what we like to share with cities in Asia,鈥� he said.

Yokohama Bay Bridge, which separated cargo trucks to ease traffic congestion, served as a monumental icon that packaged the six developments.

The subway system, on the other hand, was guided by the principle of 鈥�15 minutes by train鈥� for residents to reach the city center while the principle for the expressway network was 鈥�30 minutes by car.鈥�

To control haphazard housing construction in the city, a new residential complex was developed in Kohoku.

City officials also negotiated with private owners for the relocation of factories scattered throughout residential districts to the reclaimed Kanazawa industrial zone.

Aside from infrastructure, Yokohama also set guidelines for community development that embraces its historical heritage. In 2004, a creative city policy was implemented, promoting culture and arts to energize the people with creativity and sensitivity.

The city preserved historical sites through adaptive reuse, most notable was the Red Brick Warehouse, the old port customs building which has been converted into a commercial area.

Yokohama鈥檚 urban development programs earned it the first World Smart City Award held in Barcelona, Spain, in 2011.

In 2014, it was cited by the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize in Singapore for excellent partnership with stakeholders and for a remarkable 43.2-percent reduction of solid waste in less than 10 years.

As new urban challenges arise, Yokohama hopes to collaborate with other cities, promoting international cooperation for sustainable growth. /atm